一种引起脊尾白虾红体病病原菌的初步研究

Preliminary Study on One Pathogenic Bacterium ——Vibrio harveyi Associated with Red Body Disease in Cultured Exopalaemon carinicauda

2012年7月,浙江舟山某试验场暂养的脊尾白虾暴发一种较为严重的传染性疾病,病虾身体发红,额剑发黑,反应迟钝,摄食减少,一周内发病死亡率达到30%左右,并有迅速蔓延趋势。从病虾的血淋巴液和肝胰腺中分离到一株优势细菌XS1207005。人工感染试验结果表明,该菌株对健康脊尾白虾有较强的致病性,且感染发病的脊尾白虾与自然发病虾有相同的临床症状,确定该菌株为脊尾白虾红体病的病原菌。采用常规生理生化指标测定、16S rDNA和热激蛋白HSP60(heat shock protein)基因序列分析对病原菌进行分类鉴定,序列分析结果表明,16S rRNA基因序列与弧菌属相应的序列同源性最高;HSP60基因序列与哈维氏弧菌相应的序列同源性为99.6%,而与其他弧菌属细菌的HSP60基因同源性均小于91%,结合生理生化测定结果,确定菌株XS1207005为哈维氏弧菌。药敏试验结果表明,先锋噻肟、复方新诺明、利福平、先锋必、菌必治、氟哌酸、复方欣及氧氟沙星等8种药物对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。

In July 2012, a serious pathogentic disease outbroke and quickly spread in Exopalaemon carinicauda which were temporary bred in indoor farm in Zhoushan of Zhejiang province. Incidence rates were around 30% in a week（the highest mortality rate of 0.5%）. Diseased shrimp showed typical red body disease characteristics： systemic red bodies, unresponsive, feeding reduced or even stopt, swollen liver, pancreas and empty sotmach, etc. A bacterial strain named XS1207005 was isolated from the diseased E. carinicauda. In artificial infection test, XS1207005 was proved to be the pathogen. Amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and HSP60 gene followed by phylogenetic analysis confirmed its identity. According to the traditional biochemical identification and 16S rRNA and HSP60 homology analysis, the pathogenic bacterium was V. harveyi. Phylogenetic tree of Vibrios based on HSP60 gene sequences revealed that strain XS1207005 showed the highest level of similarity to V. harveyi（EU036994, AF230934, AY332569）. HSP60 gene sequences showed that strain XS1207005 had sequence identity of more than 99.6% to V. harveyi. The results of sensitivity to 22 kinds of antibacterial agents showed that strain XS1207005 was sensitive to cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazolum, rifampicine, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, ceftazidime, ofloxacin. V. harveyi is a kind of pathogenic bacterium commonly found in marine-fishes culture, but this is the first time that V. harveyi is reported as the pathogenic bacteria of cultured E. carinicauda in China.