道路交通事故现场摄影测量原理与模型试验

Photogrammetric principle and model test for road traffic accident scene measurement

采用摄像机作为道路交通事故现场图像数据采集工具 ,通过摄影测量技术和计算机视觉完成交通事故现场的快速测量 ,根据摄像机处于空间位置拍摄图像时的成像关系 ,得到摄影测量数学模型 ,研究了提高系统测量精度的技术及模型计算方法 ,建立了一种通过摄影测量和计算机视觉进行较大场景范围非接触测量的有效方法。

The methods for surveying the road traffic accident scene are still mainly relying on rulers and cameras.These methods could not meet the need of present requirements,especially of expressway traffic accidents.A new system is developed by the authors in an attempt to substitute the backward method.In this system,a video camera is adopted as a data capturing and recording tool,the computer vision and photogrammetric principle and technologies are used,and the model tests are carried out. According to the analysises on relationship of a point in the world coordinates and its image in the lens coordinates,a fundamental photogrammetric model is deduced.A linear model is given out referring to the co-linear equation solution.The photogrammetric model is optimized to including the systematic errors in the process of image formation.An efficient algorithm is presented under the principle of givens with high calculation accuracy. A series of experiments are carried out to test the model for optimizing the model parameters to minimize the control pints and calculation and to improve measurement accuracy.