沈德潜诗学思想的调和意味与文化内涵

On the Moderation and Culture Connotation of Shen De-qian's Poetics

沈德潜的诗学思想是调和"格调论"与"神韵论"、"性情论"而构成的。他的理论使格律声调等形式要素、优美壮美等美学要素与抒发性情、复归雅正等内容要素有机地整合在一起,既避免诗性抒发的空疏自赏,又保持诗学立场的中和稳健。但是他的这种"调和"毕竟是以儒家传统诗学思想为旨归的,从可观察的文化形态看,沈德潜诗学思想的实质与当时主流文化思想的价值趋向相互照应。从深层次的文化结构看,沈德潜诗学思想的构成可谓兼容成分有余,而创新成分不足。它折射出的是一种"圆形结构"的文化心理。

Shen De-qian’s poetics was formed by the moderation of “Style” ,“Essence” and“Passion” .His poetics is the combination of the formalism elements including rhyme and rhythm ,aesthetic components including sublime and grace and the content such passion and elegance ,which can avoid the empty content just for passion and keep moderate with the view of his own poetics .His moderate style aims at the traditional Confucian poetics ,the essence of which refers to each other the mainstream value from the existing culture patterns .From the deep culture structure ,the components of his poetics are too moderate to innovative ,which discloses a culture psychology of “circular formation” .