新疆的劳动力市场和少数民族劳动者

Labor Market and Ethnic Labor in Xinjiang

中国劳动力市场的一个突出特点就是其分割性,这种"分割性"具体表现在城乡之间的分割、城市内部之间的分割、农村内部之间的分割。本文以新疆劳动力市场为例,考察了劳动力市场的地区分割,特别是民族地区劳动力市场的特点及其产生的主要问题。新疆劳动力市场呈现出民族成分构成较高,劳动者主要集中在第一和第二产业就业,人力资本投资普遍不足的特点。从劳动力市场指标来看,新疆的失业率水平虽然总体比较平稳,但是少数民族劳动者的失业率较高。他们的工资水平较低,流动意愿也不高,这进一步阻碍了其提高收入和改善经济地位的可能性。政府在制定宏观劳动政策时必须注意这些特点,改善劳动力市场中弱势群体的经济地位。

Segmentation is one of the distinguish characters in China＇s labor market,which included segmentation between rural and urban,inner cities, and inner rural areas. This article takes Xinjiang as an example of the segmentation between different regions within China, and addresses the characteristics of ethnic region and its major problem in labor market. The pro- portion of ethnic labors in Xinjiang is rather high compared to other part of China. Most of them do not have enough human capital investment, and have to work at the primary and secondary industry. From the perspective of labor market indexes, the unemployment rate is stable within these 10 years but rather high for ethnic labors, and the wage is also low because of their unwillingness to move to developed cities,which in turn hinder the probability of their economic status＇ improvement.The government should give an attention on these characteristics of ethnic groups during policy making,and improve their dis-advantages in labor market.