查慎行与王渔洋交游及相关诗史问题考辨

A Study on the Communication Activities and Relevant Issues of Poetry History between Zha Shenxing and Wang Yuyang

清初诗坛两大"代兴"人物查慎行、王渔洋的交游,关涉着一代诗史的发展演变,同时也关涉着南北诗学的交流与分野问題。作为新生代诗人的代表,查慎行、赵执信皆列名渔洋门下。慎行与渔洋的交谊善始善终,异于赵执信的"轶山左门庭"。缘此,《长生殿》风波后,"南查北赵"关系日疏。慎行崇尚诗酒风流、发为馆阁清音、参禅赋诗、喜好宋调,都在一定程度上受到渔洋的影响。但二人思想、学问、诗学、创作又存在着明显的分歧差异。就诗观与创作而言,查、王之间即有尚"风雅之遗"、"归于自然"与主"神韵"、"妙悟"之异,昌言"诗不分唐宋"与兼采唐宋之异,沿遗民诗余绪、发为寒士之调与倡立"清诗"、润饰太平之异等。其间对严羽"妙悟"说的取舍、扬抑,尤其集中体现了山左与两浙诗学的分野。慎行自建一帜,终不肯依附于"神韵"说,渔洋生前亦未将慎行目定为"代兴"人物。从渔洋到慎行的"代兴",反映了康熙诗坛盟权的转移以及清诗"正宗"的嬗变。

The communication activities between Zha Shenxing（查慎行） and Wang Yuyang（王渔洋） who were the most famous poets in the beginning of Qing Dynasty, not only have deep relation with the evolution of poetry history, but also reflect the differ- ence of poetic theory between the South and the North area. This thesis deals with the communication Activities between Zha and Wang, and analyses relevant issues of poetry history, and considers that： Zha had cultivated good relations with Wang, which was different from Zhao Zhishen（赵执信）. His revelling in poet and wine, poetry theory, and poem creation, had been affected by Wang. But Wang still didnt regard him as his substitution of leading role, because there were a lot of differences among their thoughts and learning and poetry, including that Zha inherited the tradition of ＂Feng and Ya＂ （风雅）, which came from the Book of Songs, but Wang inherited the ＂Miaowu＂ （ ＂妙悟＂） theory from Yan Yu （ 严羽 ） ; Zha advocated ＂No Boundary between Tang and Song Poems ＂, but Wang adopted the viewpoint of learning from both of Tang and Song poems ; Zha＇s potery style belonged to the poor poet,but Wang＇style belonged to the noble. The Substitution of Leading Role from Wang to Zha reflects the evolution of main trend in the history of Qing Poetry.