太平天国权力结构的演变(1847-1864)——兼评“杨秀清僭主政治”论

The Process on the Power Structure of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom(1847-1864) ——and Discuss "Yang Xiuqing's Tyranny"

太平天国的权力结构经历了一个复杂的演变过程:由上帝会初创时期的"类垂直的一元架构"发展为天父、天兄鼎立的"非对称的二元架构",再发展为洪、杨"对立的二元架构"。天京事变后,后期太平天国的权力格局主要表现为"错综复杂的一元架构"。而终太平天国之世,太平天国也没能建立起稳固、高效的权力结构,这是其覆灭的重要原因。但在没有政权或政权处于流亡状态下,"兵为将有"却是太平军余部最好的"政权"形式。杨秀清时期的极权政治也绝非"僭主政治",它只是传统中国社会权臣当政的表现。

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdomg power structure had a complex process ： from ＂similar monistic unary architecture＂ in the initial period of Shangdi Hui to ＂dual structure＂ between Heavenly Brother and Heavenly Father, and then to ＂dual opposite structure＂ between Hong and Yang. After the Tianjing incident, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom＇s power structure is mainly manifested as ＂intricate monistic architecture＂. And by the end of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it also failed to establish a stable, efficient power structure, which was an important reason of destruction. However, the form of ＂soldiers belong to general＂ is a better form for the remaining troops of Taiping when there was no government or a refuge government. Yang＇s domination is not ＂tyran- ny＂ but a show of powerful minister in traditional Chinese society.