民国时期文物保护事业的体制之争

The Dispute of the Cultural Relics Protection System in the Period of the Republic of China

由于传统古物观念和保存体制影响,民国初期官方将文物保护纳入民政管理体制当中。而学术界则对文物的文化影响力高度重视,教育部也试图通过掌握文物管理权促进社会教育发展。20世纪20年代,随着科学考古工作的逐步开展,学术界要求规范考古发掘,加强文物研究和保护地下文物,并将文物保护事权交由教育部和学术机关主持,建立以学术研究为宗旨的文物管理体制。1928年成立的大学院古物保管委员会,虽强化了文物管理的学术性,但学术与行政分离的双轨制文物管理体制仍严重制约文物事业的发展。20世纪30年代成立的中央古物保管委员会,是中央文物管理体制中的核心部门,首次将文物的学术管理与行政管理统一起来,规范了国内的考古发掘工作,推动了中国文物法制化的进程。

At the beginning of the Republic of China, due to the traditional concept and system of Antiquities preservation, the official put cultural relics protection into civil affairs management system. However the academics attached great importance to cultural influence of the relics and the Ministry of Education also tried to grasp the cultural relics management right and promote the development of social education. In 1920＇ s, as scientific archaeological work carried out step by step, the academic asked the government to regulate archaeological excavations, strengthen cultural relics research and protect underground cultural relics , giving authority of the cultural relics protection to the Ministry of Education and academic institutions, and establishing relics management system for the purpose of academic research. The School Committee for the preservation of antiquities established in 1928, strengthened the academic administration of cultural relics, the separation of academic and administrative system of the object still seriously restricted the development of cultural relics undertaking. , The Central Cultural Relics Preservation Committee established In 1930＇s, which was the core department of the central cultural relics management system, for the first time unified the relics of academic management and administrative management, regulated the archaeological excavations of domestic standards and promoted the cultural relics of the legalization process in China