‘冬枣’子代种子萌发及下胚轴诱导愈伤组织研究

Seed Germination and Hypocotyl Callus Induction of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao'

为实施‘冬枣’遗传改良方案,以采自山西柳林自然授粉获得的‘冬枣’子代种子为材料,测量种子横、纵径、种仁率等基本形态指标,并进一步研究种子萌发最适条件和下胚轴诱导愈伤组织适宜培养基。结果表明:(1)‘冬枣’子代种子横径为(8.62±0.05)mm,纵径为(17.95±0.05)mm,千粒重为(54.27±4.62)g,种仁率为(64.17±3.82)%,‘冬枣’属于种仁率较高的枣树品种。(2)种仁在含有GA30.4 g/L的萌发培养基中预处理24 h后接种到萌发培养基上,最有利于种仁萌发,萌发率可达100%;液体萌发培养基稍好于固体萌发培养基,但未达显著水平。(3)下胚轴诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为1/2MS+TDZ 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,诱导率为(60.00±3.02)%。

The seeds of Ziziphus jujuba‘Dongzao＇from Shanxi were collected to measure the morphologicalindexes. The transverse diameter and vertical diameter were measured, the thousand kernel weight（TKW） wasweighted, and the rate of kernel was counted. Then the optimal condition for seed germination was studied andthe appropriate medium for hypocotyl callus induction was selected. The results were as follows：（1） Thetransverse, vertical diameter of the seed were（8.62±0.05） mm and（17.95±0.05） mm, respectively; TKW was（54.27±4.62）g; the rate of kernel was（64.17±3.82）%. So‘Dongzao＇was one of the high rate varieties ofZiziphus jujube.（2） The seed germination could reach 100% on medium with GA3 0.4 g/L for 24 hpretreatment.（3） The highest hypocotyl callus induction rate [（60.00±3.02）%] was obtained on 1/2MS basalmedium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L TDZ and 30 g/L sucrose after 14 days incubation in darkness.