广西珍稀野生茶树叶片解剖结构分析

Study on Anatomy Structures of Leaves of Rare Wild Camellia sinensis from Guangxi

采用石蜡切片方法和光学显微技术,对广西珍稀野生茶10个株系叶片进行解剖和比较观察。从解剖学角度分析比较其抗旱、抗寒和抗病虫害能力,为广西亚热带特异茶树资源的鉴定与新品种的选育以及种质资源利用提供理论依据。试验结果表明：叶脉、叶片、表皮细胞、角质层、栅栏组织及海绵组织的厚度因株系的不同而有所不同。上表皮细胞厚度为17.01-29.34μm,上表皮角质厚度为2.10-5.76μm,栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比值为0.22-0.85,叶脉/叶片厚度比值为2.46-4.66。分析结果显示：其中抗旱、抗寒和抗病虫等综合抗性最强的是JB2号和JB5号,次强的是JB1号、JB3号和JL1号;这5个株系均为抗逆性较强的茶树资源,可入选为高抗品种的育种材料并进一步鉴定。

The anatomy structures of leaves of 10 strains of wild Camellia sinensis from Guangxi were studiedvia paraffin-sectioning and optical microtechnique. The study based on the anatomy could help us to explorethe ability of anti-drought, anti-cold, and anti-pest, which provided the scientific foundation to the tropical tearesource identifying and new varieties cultivating. The results showed that the thickness of several structures,including blade, vein, epidermis cells, cuticula, fence form and sponge form significantly varied according tostrain. The thickness of the upper epidermic cells ranged from 17.01 μm to 29.34 μm, and the upperepidermic cuticula ranged from 2.10 μm to 5.76 μm. The ratio of thickness of fence form to sponge form rangedfrom 0.22 to 0.85, while the ratio of vein to blade ranged from 2.46 to 4.66. Further analysis indicated that JB2and JB5 exhibited strongest ability in anti-cold, drought and pest, followed by JB1, JB3, JL1, respectively,which were considered as the top 5 strain of wild Camellia sinensis with stronger resistance.