非饱和灌溉条件下香蕉施肥减量技术研究

Reduction Fertilization for Banana Under Unsaturated Irrigation

大田非饱和灌溉条件下,研究减量施肥对香蕉生长及产量的影响,以期建立香蕉滴灌施肥标准化技术管理体系。结果表明:与常规灌溉施肥相比,滴灌减量施肥处理在抽蕾前表现出更好的生长势,并且显著提高了香蕉的产量。滴灌减量施肥处理分别比对照增产9.9%、14.3%;香蕉果指数、果指长与果指围比对照显著增加;同时滴灌施肥技术比海南常规施氮肥每公顷用量分别减少98、254 kg,钾肥每公顷用量分别减少337、1024 kg,同时用水、人工等生产成本也降低,综合经济效益显著。滴灌施肥是一项适于集约化农业需求,具有广阔发展前景的水肥一体化技术。

A field experiment of reductive fertilization on banana under unsaturated irrigation condition was carried out to establish a technological system for irrigating and fertilizing scientifically. The results showed that, as compared with traditional fertilizers management（as CK）, the leaf number, leaf width during floral emergence and SPAD values were efficiently enhanced, the yield of banana under drip irrigation was significantly increased by 9.9% to 14.3%, since the finger number, finger length and finger girth of banana under drip irrigation were efficiently enhanced. Meanwhile, the amount of fertilizers used in drip irrigation could be decreased than that used in the traditional method. Especially, the N-fertilizer and K,fertilizer could be reduced 98 kg/hm2 to 254 kg/hm2 and 337 kg/hm2 to 1024 kg/hm^2, respectively. Based on the results, it showed that the benefit of banana production was increased significantly by fertigation which compared with the conventional irrigation and fertilization. It also suggested that the method of fertigation was a suitable irrigation and fertilization technique for banana production in Hainan.