山东省沿海地区小麦品种资源与生产状况调查

Survey on the Cultivars and Production of Wheat in Shandong Coastal Regions

为了揭示山东省小麦生产变化规律及其品种更替特点,调查山东省沿海地区6个市29个县在不同历史时期(1975—2010年)的小麦栽培品种、总产量和栽培面积。结果表明,山东省沿海地区的小麦栽培面积从1980年逐渐增至2000年之后开始下降,小麦总产量从1975年稳步增长至2000年之后趋于稳定。小麦品种的变化特点主要表现为大产量栽培品种(产量≥105t)虽然品种数量较少,但是占总产量比例大。通过研究得出结论,由于单产量的增长比例大于栽培面积的减缩幅度,使得山东省沿海地区的小麦总产量趋于稳定,对确保中国的粮食安全具有重要作用,选育的优良小麦大产量栽培品种对于推动山东省小麦产业发展以及丰富中国小麦种质资源具有重要意义。

With the aim to detect the production status and cultivar succession of wheat in Shandong Province,in this study, cultivars, total yield and cultivated area of wheat in Shandong coastal regions with 29 counties belonging to 6 cities from 1975 to 2010 were surveyed. The results showed that, cultivated area of wheat increased gradually from 1980 to 2000 and then slightly decreased, while total yield of wheat increased continuously from 1975 to 2000 and then tended to be stable. Besides, cultivar succession of wheat was characterized by high yield cultivars（with total yield ≥ 10^5t） with small number but high yield ration. In conclusion, the higher increase in grain yield compared with the decrease in cultivated area contributes to the stability in total yield of wheat, facilitating the food security of China, and the high yield cultivars play an important role in both the development of wheat industry in Shandong province and the enrichment for wheat germplasm resources of China.