基于ArcGIS平台的芦山地震房屋震害数据分析

ArcGIS-based system analysis of building damage from the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake

利用ArcGIS平台的探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)模块,将四川省芦山地震应急科考获得的建筑物破坏调查点数据进行对比分析,研究芦山地震中建筑物破坏的空间特征及其原因。结果表明:芦山地震房屋毁坏率的原始数据不服从正态分布,清仁乡、龙门乡、建山乡的房屋破坏离群现象明显;紫石乡和张场乡房屋毁坏的离群现象次之;原始数据经对数变换后,离群现象不明显,可以拟合为线性关系。山区房屋破坏严重与位于发震构造附近及断层上盘效应有关,河谷地段与场地效应有关。将房屋毁坏率和人口数据进行对比分析,结果表明,两者呈现线性关系,可以用一元一次方程拟合;人口密集区的房屋毁坏率高于人口稀疏区,这与芦山震区各地相似的房屋建筑抗震性能水平和地方居民聚居的特点相关。

By using the module of exploratory spatial data analysis based on ArcGIS system,we analyze characteristics and reasons of building damage from the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake.Our results show that the raw damaged rates from the investigation of the Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake do not obey the normal distribution and there are obvious biased areas,such as Qingren,Longmen,Jianshan,Zishi and Zhangchang townships.But through the logarithmic transformation,the processed data obeys the normal distribution and has a very good regression linear relationship.The heavy building damage result from both the maintain region and being closed to the hanging wall.The high level of damaged buildings is relative to the valley and the site effect.We compared these data and find the damage building rate are relative to the population data and a linear relationship can be fitted.The building damage rate with densely populated areas is higher than that of sparse area.