牛蒡子的形态与组分

The Morphology Characters and Component Analysis of Fructus Arctii

对牛蒡子形态特征及营养成分进行了测定,以期为牛蒡子的鉴别、贮藏及开发利用提供基础资料。结果表明:①牛蒡子为瘦果,长倒卵形,灰褐色,带黑色斑点,有数条纵棱。果实长×宽×厚为6.04 mm×2.68mm×1.52 mm,单粒质量为13.48 mg。②牛蒡子果皮坚硬,内含种子1枚,为双子叶无胚乳种子。③牛蒡子中蛋白质的质量分数为131 mg/g;可溶性糖的质量分数为44.7 mg/g;粗脂肪的质量分数为39.1 mg/g;还含有K,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu等矿质元素,且K,Ca,Mg,Na的含量明显高于其它矿质元素。④牛蒡子种子发芽率为96%,在28℃恒温箱中约需5 d便可萌发,为子叶出土幼苗。

The morphology characters and component analysis of Fructus Arctii have been studied. The results showed that Fructus Arctii is achene, long obovate, taupe, with black spots and several longitudinal edges. The size of fruits is 6.04 mm × 2.68 mm×1. 52 mm, the weight of each fruits is 0.386 mg. The pericarp is hard, contains one seed, belongs to dicotyledonous and exalbuminous seed. The contents of protein in the fruits are about 131 mg/g. The other components of its fruits such as sugar （44.7 mg/g）, fat （39.1 /ng/g） are fewer than protein. There are also plenty of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu in the fruits, and the contents of K, Ca, Mg and Na are higher than other minerals elements. The germination percentage of the seeds is 96%. The germination time is about 5 days under hydroponics in 28 ℃ thermostat. Its seedings belonged to the epigaeous seeding.