结构、资源与制度:中国进入消费型社会的约束性条件分析

Structure, Resources and Policies: An Analysis on Restrained Conditions of China's Being Consumer Society

依靠内需特别是居民的消费需求推动经济增长和推进社会发展成为我国新时期经济社会发展的重要任务,但消费主导型社会的建立是一个涉及经济转型和社会改革的复杂系统工程,受到诸多条件和因素的制约与影响。在经济层面上,以知识创新和服务为基础的第三产业必须成为经济结构的主体;在社会层面上,以专业化、职业化为特征的中产阶层必须成为社会结构的主体,并形成知识密集型的人力资源结构;在可持续发展层面上,必须构建资源节约型的内需模式;在制度层面上,需要建立完善的工资增长制度和社会保障制度,形成民主化的利益协调机制。只有充分厘清中国进入消费型社会的各种约束性条件,才能有针对性地进行社会改革。

In the new period of China, it has been a vital task to enhance economic development through fueling domestic demands, especially the demands of the citizens, thus to enhance both social and economic development. Establishing a consumption-oriented society, however, is a complicated systematic procedure in which involves social reform and economic transform,could be influenced and restrained by many factors. From the dimension of economy, China shall turn its tertiary industries that based on knowledge innovations and relevant services into the pillar of its economic structure, and from a social dimension, the middle-classes, especially the ones who excel in their jobs shall become mainstays of the society and thus to form a knowledge-intensive human resource structure. In terms of sustainable development, it is necessary to form a resource-conserving pattern of domestic demands, also, from the aspect of policies, an improved wage increasing and social security system shall be established in order to form a democratic interest coordination mechanism. Pointed social reforms that may turn Chinese society into a consumption-oriented one can only take place when the obstacles are fully crystallized.