外商直接投资对中国省域内收入分配的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Chinese Provincial Income Distribution

关于外商直接投资对收入分配的影响效果,学界存在分歧。本文从中国省域内收入分配效应角度入手,选取1995-2010年中国省际面板数据,运用固定效应变截距模型,实证检验现有观点在中国的适用性。结果显示:外商直接投资扩大中国居民收入差距。究其原因是:外资企业采取"两头在外"和技术封锁的经营战略,低技术层次的内资企业难以融入外资企业的产业链,收入分配制度改革遇阻,内、外资企业薪酬制度差异。鉴此,本文提出:中国应提高外资企业的在华根植性,鼓励外资公司转让关键技术,适当限制过高收入,完善社会保障制度,实行财政转移支付制度,大力推进教育培训事业和国内外交流合作,健全知识产权制度。

The income distribution effect of foreign direct investment is an existing divergence in the academic circle. This paper selects the Chinese provincial panel data during 1995--2010 using the fixed effect variable intercept model to empirically test the validity of the existing opinions in China from the perspective of Chinese provincial income distribution effect. The resuhs show that foreign direct investment expands the income gap in china. The reasons for the phenomenon are that foreign invested enterprises choose the business strategies of both ＂two outside＂ and technology blockade, and that the domestic enterprises with low technical level are difficult to integrate into the industrial chain of foreign invested enterprises, and that the reform of income distribution system encounters resistance, and that the salary systems are different between the domestic enterprises and the foreign invested enterprises. Therefore, this paper presents that China should improve the embeddedness of the foreign invested enterprises in China, encourage invested enterprises to transfer the key technology, properly limit the excessively high income, perfect the social security system, implement the financial transfer and payment system, develop the education training career and communication and cooperation both home and abroad, and perfect the intellectual property rights system.