莱芜市莱城区居民膳食钠摄入和排出调查分析

Study on dietary sodium intake and excretion among residents in Laicheng district of Laiwu city

目的分析莱芜市莱城区居民膳食钠摄入和排出及其与性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况的关系。方法 2011年6月,以18~69岁常驻居民83人为研究对象,以连续72 h膳食回顾和调味品称重相结合的方法获取膳食钠摄入数据。按标准留取24 h尿标本,检测尿钾、尿钠含量和尿钠钾比值。计量资料采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,变量不服从正态分布时采用秩和检验,采用Pearson双变量进行相关性分析,变量非正态分布时采用Spearman非参数检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究对象平均每标准人日摄入钠（6 318.73±2 660.98）mg,男性膳食钠（盐）摄入量高于女性,差异无统计学意义（t=1.121,P〉0.05）;不同年龄组摄入量差异无统计学意义（F=2.965,P〉0.05）;文化程度在大专及以上居民钠（盐）摄入量远低于其他两组,且与初中或高中文化程度居民摄入量的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同经济状况居民钠（盐）摄入量差异有统计学意义（F=4.904,P〈0.05）。18~69岁居民24 h尿钠均值为（234.33±69.16）mmol,24 h尿钾均值为（32.17±21.71）mmol,钠钾比均值为9.15±4.39。24 h尿钠男性高于女性,差异无统计学意义（t=1.929,P〉0.05）;24 h尿钾男性低于女性,差异无统计学意义（t=0.192,P〉0.05）;24 h尿钠钾比男性低于女性,差异无统计学意义（t=0.030,P〉0.05）;不同年龄组间24 h尿钠水平差异有统计学意义（F=5.868,P〈0.05）;各年龄组不同性别24 h尿钠、尿钾的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。文化程度在大专及以上居民24 h尿钠、24 h尿钾、钠钾比低于其他两组,差异均无统计学意义（F=1.864、0.135、0.812,均P〉0.05）。不同经济状况居民24 h尿钠、24 h尿钾、钠钾比差异均无统计学意义（F=0.287、0.487、0.294,均P〉0.05）。居民膳食钠与24 h尿钠呈正相关（r=0.228,P〈0.05）,膳食钠与24 h尿钾不相关（r=0.079,P〉0.05）。结论莱芜市莱城区居民膳食钠摄入量较高,钾摄入量不足,调味品是钠的主要来源。年龄、文化程度和经济状况是膳食钠的摄入量和24 h尿钠钾的影响因素。

Objective To analyze the intake and excretion of dietary sodium among residents in Laicheng district of Laiwu city, and its relationship with gender, age,education level and economic status.Methods 83 residents aged 18-69 were selected into this study in June 2011.The data of dietary sodium intake were obtained by 72h dietary recall combined with condiment weighing methods.24-hour urine specimens were collected for detecting sodium,potassium and sodium/potassium ratio.T-test was used to for measurement data,one-way ANOVA for comparison between groups,Pearson bivariate for correlation analysis,Spearman non- parametric test in case of variables not following normal distributed pattern.The result of P〈0.05 was considered statistically sig- nificant.Results The average intake of sodium was （6 318.73 ~ 2 660.98）mg/d,which was higher in men than in women,but the difference showed no statistical significance（t=l.121,P〉0.05）.The sodium （salt） intake showed no statistically significant difference between groups of different age（F=2.965,P〉0.O5）.The sodium （salt） intake was significantly lower in residents graduated from college or above than in other two groups,which showed statistically significant difference from that in groups graduated from junior or senior high school（P〈0.05）.The sodium （salt） intake showed statistically significant difference between groups of different economic status（F=4.904,P〈0.05）.24h urinary sodium was （234.33 ± 69.16）mmol among residents aged 18-69,24 h urinary potassium was （32.17 ± 21.71）mmol,the urinary sodium/potassium ratio was 9.15 ± 4.39.24 h urinary sodium was higher in men than in women,but the difference was not statistical significant（t=1.929,P〉0.05）.24 h urinary potassium was lower in men than in women,the differ- ence showed no statistical significance（t=0.192,P〉0.05）.The urinary sodium/potassium ratio was also lower in men than in wom- en,showing no statistically significant difference （t=0.030,P〉0.05）.There was statistically significant difference in 24 h urinary sodium between groups of different age（F=5.868,P〉0.05）.However,24 h urinary sodium and potassium didn＇t have statistical dif- ference between groups of different sex（P〉0.05）.24 h urinary sodium,24 h urinary potassium and urinary sodium/potassium ratio were significantly lower in residents graduated from college or above lower than in other residents,the difference showed no statis- tical significance（F=l.864,0.135,0.812,P〉0.05）.The 24 h urinary sodium,24 h urinary potassium and urinary sodium/potassium ra- tio showed no statistical significance between groups of different economic status（F=0.287,0.487,0.294,P〉0.05）.Dietary sodium had a positive correlation with 24 h urinary sodium（r=0.228,P〈0.05）,but no correlation with 24 h urinary potassium（r=-0.079, P〉0.05）.Conelusion The intake of dietary sodium is relatively high among residents of Laicheng district of Laiwu city,but the intake of potassium is insufficient.The major source of dietary sodium is condiment.Age,education level and economic status are major factors affecting the intake of sodium and 24h urinary sodium and potassium.