广东省佛山市禅城区重性精神疾病流行病学特征与影响因素分析

Epidemiological features and influential factors of major psychosis in Chancheng district of Foshan city, Guangdong province

目的分析重性精神病患者的流行病学特征与影响因素,为精神病患者的干预和管理提供科学依据。方法选择2011—2013年广东省佛山市禅城区向阳社区重性精神病患者512例作为研究对象。采集的信息包括重性精神病患者的一般情况(年龄、性别、职业、教育程度和婚姻状况)、两系三代精神疾病家族史、既往史、家庭经济状况等。根据《中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准》(第3版)进行分类和诊断,所有患者均经过精神病专科医院的确诊,并做出相应的临床分型诊断。相关因素采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 512例患者中,精神分裂症295例,占57.62%(295/512);男性患者多于女性,男女比为1.11∶1;40岁以上患者占78.91%(404/512);以未婚者居多,占56.25%(288/512);患者主要以中学或中专、专科教育程度为主,占45.70%(234/512);无职业(包括待业)患者占52.15%(267/512);家庭经济状况非贫困的患者占88.28%(452/512);没有家族史的患者占97.07%(497/512)。结论重性精神疾病患者在流行病学上具有不同的发病特征,应采取准确、有效的预防和治疗措施,以降低和减缓重性精神疾病的发生和恶化。

Objective To analyze the influential factors and epidemiological features of major psychosis,so as to provide the sci- entific basis for its intervention and management.Methods A total of 512 cases of major psychosis were selected from Xiangyang community,Chancheng district of Foshan city in 2011-2013.The information of these patients were collected,including patient general condition（age,sex,occupation education level and marital status）,a three-generation family history of mental diseases on both sides,past history,and family economic conditions.The clinical diagnosis of all cases should be confirmed by psychiatric hos- pitals,according to Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders and Diagnostic Criteria （3rd Edition）.The related factors were tested by X2 test,the result of P〈0.05 was considered was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Results Of 512 cases,295 had schizophrenia （57.62%）,more men than women were affected,with a male to female ratio of 1.11 ： 1;76.69% were over the age of 40（404/512）; most were unmarried（58.25%,288/512）;most patients had a diploma of high school,technical secondary school or college educa- tion（45.70%,234/512）;52.15% were johless （including those waiting for employment（267/512）;88.28% did not have poor family e- conomic conditions（452/512）;97.07% had no family history（497/512）.Conclusion Patients with major psychosis may have dif- ferent disease characteristics.Therefore,accurate and effective measures of prevention and treatment should be adopted to lower the incidence and progression of major psychosis.