罂粟碱防治鼠尾再植血管危象的实验研究

Experimental Study of Vascular Crisis Prevention after Rats Tail Replantation by Papaverine

目的探讨大鼠断尾再植后罂粟碱防治血管危象的效果。方法取SD大鼠54只,完全随机化分为3组。各组保留尾侧静脉、尾骨后断离尾,空白组结扎尾动脉;对照组、罂粟碱组均吻合尾动脉,建立断尾再植模型。术后对照组正常饲养管理,不给任何治疗措施。罂粟碱组术后立即腹腔内注射稀释的盐酸罂粟碱注射液。此后每天一次,至术后5 d。术后观察鼠尾成活情况至术后5 d。手术前后测鼠尾吻合口近远侧皮温差并计算术后与术前的变化值。结果鼠尾成活率:空白组0%(0/14)、对照组36.4%(8/22)、罂粟碱组66.7%(12/18)。三组比较,χ2=15.016,P=0.001,差异有统计学意义。术后皮温差变化量,在第8小时,罂粟碱组<对照组<空白组,差异有统计学意义。结论罂粟碱治疗能提高鼠断尾再植存活率;在术后8 h能减小皮温差,抗血管痉挛,扩张血管,防治血管危象。

Objective To explore the effect of papaverine for preventing-vascular crisis after rats tail replantation. Methods Fifty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. In each group,the caudal vein and the coccyx was retained,and the tail was cut off. The tail artery was ligated in blank group. The tail artery were anastomosed in control group and papaverine group to establish the tail replantation model. After surgery,the control group was given normal management. The papaverine group was immediately given papaverine hydrochloride injection. The survival of the rat tails was observed after the tail replantation for 5 days. The difference between proximal and distal anastomosis site tail skin temperature were measured before and after the replantation. The change between postoperative and preoperative temperature was calculated. Results The survival rates of the rat tails were 0 %（ 0 /14）,36. 4 %（ 8 / 22）,66. 7 %（ 12 /18） in the blank group,control group and papaverine group respectively with significant difference among 3 groups（ χ^2= 15. 016,P = 0. 001）. At 8 th hour after the replantation,significant overall difference was found in the change of the skin temperature between the 3 groups（ papaverine group〈 control group〈 blank group,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Papaverine can improve the survival rate of replanted rat tails. At 8 hours after the rats tail replantation, papaverine can reduce the skin temperature difference,treat vasospasm,open vascular,expand blood vessels,prevent and treat vascular crisis. Rat tail replantation model in this experiment is feasible.