成年人心血管外科术后并发缺血性脑卒中的诊疗

Diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with cerebral ischemic stroke after cardiovascular surgery

目的 探讨成年人心血管外科术后并发缺血性脑卒中的早期诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析24例心血管外科术后并发缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料.在循环、呼吸稳定的前提下,尽早检查以判定缺血性脑卒中类型,密切监测生命体征,注意意识、瞳孔、呼吸深浅及频率、四肢活动的变化.给予降温、脱水、抗凝、调脂、营养脑神经、β受体阻滞剂等药物治疗.治疗过程中维持水、电解质及酸碱平衡.结果 24例患者中男性占66.7％（16/24）.术后早发性缺血性脑卒中6例,术后迟发性缺血性脑卒中18例.冠状动脉旁路移植术12例,单纯瓣膜手术8例,夹层手术2例,其他手术2例.在院死亡2例,病死率8.3％（2/24）.结论 成年人心血管外科术后具有缺血性脑卒中临床表现者应尽早明确诊断,严密的监护与及时全面的治疗是缺血性脑卒中治疗的关键.

Objective To explore method of early diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with cerebral ischemic stroke after cardiovascular surgery.Methods The chnical data of 24 adult patients with cerebral ischemic stroke after cardiovascular surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Firstly,CT or MRI should be accomplished to determine the type of cerebral ischemic stroke as soon as patients＆#39; condition of circulation and respiration were stable.Secondly,the vital signs should be monitored closely,and the consciousness,pupil,respiratory and hmbs activity of the patients were observed.Thirdly,the patients＆#39; temperature of head should be reduced and be given dehydration,anticoagulation,cholesterol-lowering medication,brain nutrition drugs,beta receptor blockers and other drugs.Overall,the balance of fluid,electrolytes and acid-base were maintained in the course of treatment.Results Among the 24 patients,male was 66.7% （16/24）.Early cerebral ischemic stroke occurred in 6 cases,delayed cerebral ischemic stroke occurred in 18 cases.Cerebral ischemic stroke happened in 12 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery,8 patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery,2 cases after artery dissection surgery and 2 patients after other surgery.Two cases were death during hospital stay,the mortality was 8.3% （2/24）.Conclusion Adult patients with clinical manifestation of cerebral ischemic stroke after cardiovascular surgery should be diagnosed early as soon as possible,the treatment key of cerebral ischemic stroke is strict monitoring and comprehensive treatment.