声景观在园林中的应用进展

Progress of Soundscape Application in Landscape Architecture

声景观概念在20世纪末提出,随着环境声学研究的深入,以及人们对声环境要求的提高,声景观思想逐步应用到实践中。现在声景观常采用主、客观两种评价方法,客观评价包括声音的物理属性、视觉景象、人文价值和个体特性等;主观评价常采用评分法、排序法、成对比较法、语义细分法等在实验室虚拟环境中对声景观做出量的评价;在园林景观设计中常采用正设计、零设计和负设计3种方法对声环境进行整体规划和设计,这些设计不仅停留在研究层面上,也有一些实际运用案例;但声景观研究也面临着研究面宽泛、研究方法和角度不统一的问题。本文探讨的目的旨在为声景观在园林中的应用研究提供参考。

The concept of soundscape appeared in the end of 20th century. With the development of acoustics and increasing of requirement of improving soundscape environment, soundscape has been gradually applied to the practice. Soundscape now includes subjective and objective evaluation methods. Objective evaluation method includes the physical properties of sound, the visual scene, humanistic value and individual characteristics. Subjective evaluation method is usually carried out in laboratory virtual environment, including scoring method, ranking method, the paired comparison method, semantic differential method. Positive design, zero design and negative design are often used in sound environment design, and these designs are not only researches but also cases. Soundscape study is also faced many problems, such as subject being too broad, study method and study angle being not unified. This paper aims to provide references for the application of soundscape in landscape architecture.