2004—2012年沈阳市猩红热流行特征

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Shenyang City from 2004-2012

目的分析沈阳市近年来猩红热发病水平和流行特征,探讨控制对策,为制定猩红热防制规划提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法对沈阳市2004—2012年猩红热疫情报告资料进行分析。结果 2004—2012年沈阳市猩红热年均报告发病率为22.98/10万,各年度发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;男女性别比为1.52∶1,男性年均报告发病率为27.37/10万,女性年均报告发病率为18.48/10万,男女猩红热年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;5、6和11、12月报告发病数分别占全年报告发病数的26.20%、24.02%;发病年龄以3~8岁年龄组为主,占76.20%;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童报告发病数分别占全部报告发病数的38.77%、36.66%、21.56%。结论男性猩红热年均报告发病率高于女性,呈学龄前儿童和小学生发病高峰,呈春末夏初和冬季发病高峰。应加强学校和托幼机构传染病防治工作监管,落实各项防控措施;加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作,提高防范意识和水平;开展疫情监测,及时做出预警分析;做好暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。

[Objective]To analyze the incidence rate and epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Shenyang City in recent years, discuss control measures,and provide the scientific basis for making the prevention project of scarlet fever.[Methods]The epidemic data of scarlet fever in Shenyang City from 2004-2012 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. [Results]The average annual reported incidence in Shenyang City from 2004-2012 was 22. 98 / lakh,and there was significant difference in annual incidence rate（ P〈0. 01）. The male-to-female ratio was 1. 52 ∶ 1,while the average annual reported incidence in males and females was 27. 37 / lakh and 18. 48 / lakh respectively,and the difference was significant（ P〈0. 01）. The cases occurred May to June and November to December respectively accounted for 26. 20% and 24. 02% of total cases. 76. 20% of cases were children aged 3-8 years old. The students,kindergarten children and scattered children respectively accounted for 38. 77%,36. 66% and 21. 56% of total cases.[Conclusion]The average annual reported incidence of scarlet fever in males is higher than that in females, most of cases are preschool children and primary school students,and the peak seasons have occurred at the end of spring and the beginning of summer,and winter. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and supervision of infectious diseases in schools and kindergartens,implement the prevention and control measures,improve the health publicity and the health education,raise the prevention awareness and level,carry out the epidemic situation monitoring,rapidly make the early alert analysis,actively implement the response to the outbreaks,and effectively control the disease spread.