2004—2012年沈阳市和平区猩红热流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Heping District of Shenyang City from 2004-2012

目的分析沈阳市和平区近年来猩红热发病水平和流行特征,探讨控制对策,为制定猩红热防制规划提供科学依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法对沈阳市和平区2004—2012年猩红热疫情报告资料进行分析。结果 2004—2012年沈阳市和平区猩红热年均报告发病率为33.20/10万,各年度发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）;男女性别比为1.52∶1,男性年均报告发病率为40.11/10万,女性年均报告发病率为26.33/10万,男女猩红热年均报告发病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.005）;5、6月和11、12月报告发病数分别占全年报告发病数的28.21%、21.34%;发病年龄以3－8岁年龄组为主,占74.50%;学生、幼托儿童、散居儿童报告发病数分别占全部报告发病数的40.38%、34.52%、21.24%。结论男性猩红热年均报告发病率高于女性,呈学龄前儿童和小学生发病高峰,呈春末夏初和冬季发病高峰。应加强学校和托幼机构传染病防治工作监管,落实各项防控措施;加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作,提高防范意识和水平;开展疫情监测,及时做出预警分析;做好暴发疫情的应急处理,有效控制疫情蔓延。

[Objective]To analyze the incidence rate and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Heping District of Shenyang City in recent years,explore the control measures,and provide scientific basis for making the prevention and control plan of scarlet fever.[Methods]The epidemic data of scarlet fever in Heping District of Shenyang City from 2004-2012 were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]The average annual reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Heping District of Shenyang City from 2004-2012 was 33. 20 / lakh,and there was significant difference in incidence rate among different years（ P 0. 005）. The male-to-female ratio was 1. 52 ∶ 1. The average annual reported incidence rate in males and females was 40. 11 / lakh and 26. 33 / lakh respectively,and the difference was significant（ P 〈0. 005）. The cases occurred May to June and November to December respectively accounted for 28. 21% and 21. 34% of cases in whole year. 74. 50% of cases were children aged 3-8 years old. The cases of the students,the childcare children,and the scattered children respectively accounted for 40. 38%,34. 52% and 21. 24% of total cases. [Conclusion]The average annual reported incidence rate in males is higher than that in females,the pre-school children and pupils have the highest incidence rate,and the peak seasons have occurred in spring and early summer,and winter. It is necessary to strengthen the infectious disease prevention and supervision in schools and nurseries to implement the control measures,enhance the health promotion and health education to improve the prevention awareness and level,carry out the epidemic surveillance to make the early warning analysis,and perform the emergency response to the outbreaks to effectively control the spread of the disease.