一起少数民族外来民工聚居点儿童麻疹暴发疫情流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological analysis of a children measles outbreak in a minority migrant workers settlement

目的分析广东省从化市在采取消除麻疹强化免疫活动后出现的一起麻疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征,并进行溯源,以指导今后麻疹的防控工作。方法现场开展流行病学调查、采样,通过描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果首例病例由外地到从化的途中已发病,其余病例均在近期应急接种麻疹活疫苗后发病。临床共同表现为发热、出疹,有卡他症状,伴咳嗽、结膜炎;实验室检测4例病例均为急性期麻疹IgM抗体阳性,1名密切接触者(首例患儿父亲)和1例患儿咽拭子分离出同基因型H1型麻疹病毒。结论工作环境、居住环境差和通风不良及首例病例的出现是此次麻疹暴发疫情的原因,及时开展一定范围内的应急接种是控制暴发疫情的有效手段;流动儿童管理是消除麻疹的难题之一;提高并保持高水平的免疫接种率、免疫及时率是控制和消除麻疹的前提。

Objective To Analyze the epidemic situation of a measles outbreak after the measles elimination strengthen activity in Conghua city of Guangdong province, and trace to source, to instruct the measles preven- tion and control work in the future. Methods To carry out epidemiological investigation at the scene, sam- pling, analyze the data by descriptive epidemiology method. Results The first example has been paroxysm when transferred from other place to Conghua, other cases all paroxysm during the invasion of emergent mea- sles living vaccine recently. Manifestations communes are： heat, measles, has the catarrh symptom, with coughs and conjunctivitis; the laboratory examines 4 cases are all acute measles anti - body IgM positive, 1 close contact （patient~ father of first example） and 1 patients＇swallows wipes separate the same genotype HI measles virus. Conclusions The reasons for this measles outbreak epidemic are： bad working conditions and living environment, poor ventilation and the emergence of the first case, to conduct emergency vaccination in certain scope is the effective method to control the epidemic situation; The mobile child management is one of the difficult problems of measles elimination ; to improve and maintain the high level immunity vaccination cov-erage and immunity in time ratio are the foundations of measles control and elimination.