长沙地区≥55岁人群老年痴呆的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological survey and analysis about senile dementia among persons ≥55 years old living in Changsha area

目的 了解长沙地区≥55岁人群痴呆的患病率并分析其危险因素.方法 采用简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）,日常生活能力量表（ADL）,生活方式,饮食结构,吸烟、饮酒等问卷和一般状况测查表进行调查,再用DSM-4诊断标准进行痴呆的诊断.结果 长沙地区≥55岁10 026名老人痴呆的患病率为4.96％,年龄越大,文化程度越低,有遗传史和严重躯体疾病史的老人痴呆患病率越高;农村居民患病率明显高于城市居民,农村劳动者和无职业老人患病率明显高于在职和离退休人员;已婚和与家人同居的老人患病率明显低于未婚,离婚和丧偶和独居老人;年收入≤2万元老人患病率明显高于年收入＞2万元老人;在生活方式方面,饮食结构差,业余生活单调,缺乏锻炼,睡眠无规律或差的老人痴呆患病率明显更高;生活能自理和躯体活动自如的老人痴呆患病率更低;男女性别和饮酒吸烟老人患病率无明显差异.结论 在社区开展健康宣教,让更多人知晓患病相关的各类危险因素,同时在社区开展各类体育文娱活动,促进老人的社会交往,提高老人的生活质量,以利于降低老年痴呆患病率,减轻社会和家庭的负担.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of senile dementia among≥55 years persons and to analyze the risk factors of dementia in Changsha area. Methods Totals of 10 026 elderly persons were investigated with Mini--mental State Examination（MMSE）, Activities of Daily Living（ADL）, life-- style, food and drink, living-- environment, liking of wine and cigarette, and generally investigated tables. Results The overall current rate of dementia was 4.96% for 10 026 ≥55 years persons in Changsha area. The elder persons, and lower culture persons, having hereditary disease history and serious body diseases persons had the higher overall current rate of dementia. Compared with resident in city, the persons in countryside had the higher overall current rate of dementia; compared with the working , retire on full pay and retire persons, no--working and peasants had the higher overall current rate of dementia; compared with married and living in family persons, no--married, divorcing. Lose--spouse and single-- living persons had the higher overall current rate of dementia; compared with 〉20 000 Yuan of a yeas income, persons who was ≤20 000 Yuan of a yeas income had the higher overall current rate of dementia. For the way of life , persons who had the higher overall current rate of dementia in monotonous amateur life, lacking physical exercises, harmful dietetically habits , somnus unregulation and bad of life style persons （P 〈 0.01） ; people who cared one＇s own living persons had the lower overall dementia; The o- verall current rate of dementia had no clearly difference with the gender, drinking and smoking. Conclusions Developing healthy education in society makes more persons know the risk factors of dementia; developing all kinds of physical culture and recreational activities could raise the life quality of elderly persons, reduce the prevalence of dementia, and relieve the burden for the society and family.