酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”叶内生真菌多样性研究

Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in the Leaves of Wine Grape Cabernet Sauvignon

为探讨酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"叶片内生真菌群落结构和分布特征,本文采用贴片法对采自4个不同生境的赤霞珠叶片可培养内生真菌进行分离,并通过分子生物学方法对分离的内生真菌进行鉴定。结果从采自4个生境的600个赤霞珠叶片中共分离到内生真菌583株,归属于42个种22个属,其中链格孢属和黑孢属为优势属。德钦和石河子两地内生真菌分离率比较高,均大于1。而丘北的内生真菌多样性指数较其他生境高,为2.20。3种叶片中嫩叶的内生真菌的分离率和多样性指数明显低于成熟叶和老叶。对不同生境赤霞珠叶片的内生真菌的多样性指数及相似性分析结果表明,酿酒葡萄赤霞珠叶片内生真菌菌群丰富,存在一定的宿主专一性,但多样性偏低。

In order to study the structure and distribution of endophytic fungi community in leaves of wine grape cabernet sauvignon,folia endophytic fungi from four different habitats of Cabernet Sauvignon were isolated and identified by molecular biological method.Results indicated that total 583 strains of cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 600pieces of grape leaf tissues,and all these fungi strains were identified into 42species and 22genera.Alternaria and Nigrospora are dominant genera.Isolation rate of folia endophytic fungi from Deqin county in Yunnan province and Shihezi in Xinjiang province was higher than those of samples from Penglai,Shandong province and Qiubei,Yunnan province,respectively.Diversity index of folia endophytic fungi from Qiubei was up to 2.20and higher than from other wine producing areas.The isolation rate and the diversity indexes of folia endophytic fungi from younger leaves was significantly lower than that of the matured leaves and older leaves.According to the diversity indexes and similarity analysis results,we come to a conclusion that the wine grape Cabernet Sauvignon leaves has a relatively low level of endophytic fungi diversity,but higher host specificity.