肿瘤光动力疗法:理论基础及治疗策略

Theoretical Basis and Treatment Strategies of Photodynamic Therapy for Tumor: A Review

肿瘤的传统治疗方案主要包括手术治疗、放疗及化疗等,而光动力疗法(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)是肿瘤治疗领域内一项新的、引人注目的方法。它的基本过程是利用特定波长的光照射选择性蓄积在病变处的光敏剂,光敏剂随之活化并与氧分子作用产生具有细胞毒性的单线态氧及活性氧物质,经过直接与间接作用最终导致肿瘤细胞死亡。光动力疗法治疗肿瘤副作用小,对实体肿瘤尤其是浅表性肿瘤,如皮肤基底细胞癌等有着良好的治疗效果。光敏剂、光及组织氧是现代光动力疗法概念的重要组成部分。本文回顾并综述了光动力疗法的理论基础及治疗策略。

Traditional treatments of tumor include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. Meanwhile, photodynamic therapy （PDT） is becoming a novel tumor treatment which involves the administration of a photosensitizer, followed by selective irradiation of target lesions with light of a specific wavelength, which interacts with local molecular oxygen to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, leading to tumor cell death in both direct and indirect ways. PDT is efficient in treating various tumors, especially those with superficial growth pattern, such as cutaneous basal cell carcinoma. In addition, side effects of PDT are also less or slighter than other therapies. Photosensitizer, light and oxygen are the basic elements of PDT. In this review, we summarize the basic theories and treatment strategies of PDT.