康德美学中审美愉快的意向性阐释

The Intentionality Interpretation of Kant's Aesthetic Pleasure

在康德的哲学体系中,愉快和不愉快的情感是占有重要地位的内心机能。愉快感是一种直观形式,审美愉快则是一种纯粹的形式,与客体是否存在没有关系;愉快感具有时间性,是由一种维持现在状态或进入将来状态的意识所产生的,愉快感特别是审美愉快具有一种未来指向性,是无目的的合目的的,它不与任何认识目的或概念有关,只有一种主观的形式合目的性;愉快感具有一种"意向性"结构,这使得它可以感性的意识到和谐的内心状态的发生,官能和谐是审美愉快的意向对象,两者之间有一种意向性关系。

In system of Kant＇s philosophy,feelings,such as pleasure and displeasure,makes important mental mechanism.Pleasure is direct sense while aesthetic pleasure is pure form not connecting to object.Feeling of pleasure concerns timeliness,coming from the consciousness of maintaining the present state or transiting to future state.Feeling of pleasure,especially aesthetic pleasure,is future-oriented,which is aimless and hence has nothing to do with cognitive aim or concept.Therefore,it is subjective.Pleasure has the structure of ＂intentionality＂,which leads from sensible consciousness to harmonious inner state.Sense harmony is the intentional object of aesthetic pleasure.