干旱对小麦孕穗期叶片生理特性及产量的影响

Effect of drought on leaf physiological parameters and yield of wheat at booting stage

为明确土壤干旱对孕穗期小麦生理特性和产量的影响,选用小偃22等7个冬小麦品种材料,通过盆栽控水方式,测定孕穗期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理和产量指标结果表明,在中度和严重干旱下,小麦叶片中的SOD、POD和CAT活性、相对电导率值、MDA含量、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均有不同程度地提高;除晋麦47、小偃22、矮抗58和西农979的可溶性蛋白含量有所增加外,其余品种均下降。干旱胁迫下单株穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重均显著降低。经主成分分析,供试品种的抗旱性依次为晋麦47>小偃22>矮抗58>西农979>西农509>郑麦366>郑麦9023。

The objective of this work is to elucidate the effect of soil drought on leaf physiological parameters at booting stage and yield of winter wheat. We selected Xiaoyan 22 and other 6 cuhivars as experimental materials, and measured the activities of antioxidative enzymes including the superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, as well as relative electric conductivity, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and other physiological traits under different water conditions by pot experiment. The results showed variations in the effect of moderate and severe drought stress on activities of SOD, POD and CAT, relative electric conductivity, and contents of MDA, soluble sugar, and proline. Soluble protein content increased in Jinmai 47, Xiaoyan 22, Aikang 58, and Xinong 979, while it decreased in the other three cuhivars. Grains number per spike, grain weight per spike and the 1000-grain weight significantly decreased under drought stress. Principal component analysis showed an order of drought resistance for these cuhivars ： Jinmai 47 〉 Xiaoyan 22 〉 Aikang 58 〉 Xinong 979 〉 Xinong 509 〉 Zhengmai 366 〉 Zhengmai 9023.