限量灌水和施磷对冬小麦养分吸收及利用的影响

Effect of limited irrigation and Phosphorus fertilizer to nutrition absorption and utilization of winter wheat

通过大田试验研究了冬小麦在整个生育期阶段植株的养分吸收量和肥料利用效率的变化规律。本研究以西农‘979’小麦为试验材料,试验采取3个灌水水平即W1,W2及W3,分别为2 400m3·hm-2、1 800m3·hm-2和1 200m3·hm-2。施磷设4个水平即F1、F2、F3及F4,施磷肥(纯P2O5)量分别是0、60、120及180kg·hm-2。结果表明:在施氮肥相同的情况下,灌水和增施磷肥均能够促进植株对氮、磷的吸收量。随着施磷量的增加,灌溉水利用效率及产量也随着显著增加。在F4处理条件下,W2处理的子粒产量高于W1、W3处理,在W2处理基础上再增加灌水量,子粒产量无显著提高,且显著降低了水分利用效率。这说明灌水和施磷显著提高子粒的产量,但过量灌水会导致子粒产量下降,适量灌水、增施磷肥可以显著提高子粒产量。在本试验条件下,灌水量在1800m3·hm-2和施磷肥(纯P2O5)量在120kg·hm-2时,促进小麦的生长发育进程,施磷对土壤水分不足的补偿效应主要是增加单位面积穗数,施肥增加了穗粒数,从而增加了产量,提高水分和磷素利用效率。

Through the field experiment has researched the variation rule of amount nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency in whole growth period of winter wheat .Taking wheat XiNong‘979’ as test material ,adopted .three irrigation levels as W1 ,W2 and W3 ,the irrigation quota was 2 400m^3·hm^-2 ,1 800m^3·hm^-2 and 1 200m^3·hm^-2,respectively . Four phosphorus fertilizer levels as F1 ,F2 ,F3 and F4 ,the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application （pure P2O5 ） was 0 ,60 ,120 and 180kg·hm^-2,respectively .The results showed that ：Under the condition of same level of nitrogen fertilize application ,the irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer application can be promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by crops .With the increase of phosphorus amount ,the irrigation water use efficiency and yield will be a remarkable increase .Under F4 treatment condition ,the grain yield in treatment W2 was high than W1 and W3 treatment ;On the basis of W2 ,if increased the irrigation amount ,but the grain yields was no significant increase ,also the WUE significantly reduced .It explains proper irrigation and phosphorus application will increase the grain yield ,but excess irrigation will cause the grain yield decrese .In this experimental condition ,the irrigation quota was 1 800m^3·hm^-2 and 120kg·hm^-2 of phosphorus fertilizer （pure P2O5 ） application ,the winter wheat growth can be promoted .The compensation ef-fects for soil water shortage by phosphorus application was increased the panicles numbers per unit area ,thus increase crop production and improve water and phosphorus utilization efficiency .