开都河流域下游绿洲土壤盐分特征分析

Analysis of soil salinity characteristics of oasis in the lower reaches of the Kaidu River

以开都河流域下游绿洲为研究区，通过野外调查、采样与室内实验分析，采用数值统计方法与主成分分析方法对区域土壤盐分特征进行研究。研究结果表明：（1）0～10 cm土层，土壤盐分含量为0．7348 g · kg^-1，10～30 cm土层为0．2070 g·kg^-1，30～50 cm土层为0．1852 g·kg^-1。随土层深度增加土壤盐分含盐量减少，土壤盐分含盐量的变异系数分别为319％、211％和193％，呈现强变异性。（2）0～10 cm、10～30 cm和30～50 cm土层中，随着土层深度的增加，Cl-、SO4^2-、Mg2＋和K＋＋Na＋离子的均值逐渐减少，总体上盐分分布具有较强的表聚性。（3）土壤盐渍化状况的特征因子是Cl-与SO4^2-。（4）未利用地土壤总盐分均值高于其它土地利用类型，耕地次之，林地的最小，分别为0．4420 g·kg^-1、0．0755 g·kg^-1和0．0414 g·kg^-1。

Taking the oasis in the lower reaches of the Kaidu River as the case study area ,through the field investi-gation ,sampling and laboratory experimental analysis ,adopted the application of statistical method and principal compo-nent analysis method to research the characteristics of regional soil salinity .The results showed that ：（1 ） In 0~10 cm soil layer ,the soil salinity content was 0 .7348 g·kg^-1 ,in 10~30 cm ,the soil salinity was 0 .2070 g·kg-1 ,in 30~50 cm ,the soil salinity was 0 .1852 g·kg-1 .The soil salinity was decreased with the increasing soil depth .The variation coefficient of the soil salinity was 319% ,211% and 193% ,respectively .It was shown strong variability . （2 ） In the soil layer of 0~10 cm ,10~30 cm and 30~50 cm ,with the increasing soil depth ,the average value of Cl - ,SO4^2- , Mg2＋ and K＋ ＋Na＋ ions was gradually reduced ,on the whole salt distribution possessed a strong surface accumulation . （3） The characteristic factors of soil salinization were Cl - and SO4^2- .（4） The average value of total soil salt for unused land ,farmland and forestland was 0 .4420 g·kg-1 ,0 .0755 g·kg-1 and 0 .0414 g·kg^-1 ,respectively .The unused land was higher than other land use types ,the farmland was the second and forestland was the minimum .