中国湖泊、沼泽湿地的空间分布特征及其变化

Spatial distribution and dynamics of lake and marsh wetlands in China

湖沼湿地真实地记录了气候与环境变化的信息,我国湖沼湿地面积与数量的变化客观地反映了我国水资源的时空变化过程。全国湖沼湿地的分布特征和变化趋势因自然环境的不同呈现不同的特点。了解全国湖沼湿地历年来的变化特征,可以对湖沼湿地进行有效的价值评估和管理保护。本研究依据全国各地区的自然环境差异,将全国湖沼湿地划分为6个大区,分别是东北山地与平原地区、东部平原地区、蒙新高原地区、青藏高原地区、云贵高原地区和华南沿海地区。根据《中国湖泊志》和《中国沼泽志》的历史数据,以及运用遥感技术获取的2008年中国湖沼湿地现状数据,对近20年来的湖沼湿地变化进行研究,按照随机抽样、重点和全国湖沼湿地3个方面的变化对其进行了区域变化和类型变化的分析。结果表明,全国湖沼湿地在不同区域分布不均衡,基本上所有区域都有消失型和萎缩型湖沼湿地,而扩张型湖沼湿地仅出现在青藏高原地区。全国湖沼湿地呈现萎缩、消失的变化趋势,在一定程度上反映了其生态系统服务功能的减弱,相应经济价值减少。

Lake and marsh wetlands can authentically record the information of climate and environmental changes. The area and number changes of lake and marsh wetlands can provide evidence of spatial and temporal characteristics of water resource changes in China. The distribution and the dynamics of lake and marsh wetlands in China have different characteristics because of the differences in their natural environments. Understanding the changes in these lake and marsh wetlands in different years can help to make effective value assessment,management and protection. In this study,according to the regional differences in natural environments of the country,lake and marsh wetlands are divided into six regions： northeastern mountain and plain region,eastern plain region,Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and the southern coastal region. Based on the historical data from ＂Records of Lakes in China＂and ＂Records of Marshes in China＂,as well as the current status data of lake and marsh wetlands in 2008 obtained by remote sensing technology,the regional variations and type changes in lake and marsh wetlands in recent 20 years were studied.The result shows that the distributions of national lake and marsh wetlands in different regions are unbalanced,and basically all regions have disappearing or degrading lake and marsh wetlands.However,a small part of lake and marsh wetlands expand,which are mainly distributed in the Tibetan Plateau region. Most of the lake and marsh wetlands are disappearing or degrading,and this trend,to some extent,reflects their weakening ecosystem services function,and declining economic value.