陕西省气温降水变化特征的区域差异

REGIONAL DIFFERENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTIC IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

以陕西省境内47个气象站点1959～2009年逐月气温、降水数据为基础,利用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall突变检验和滑动t检验,分析陕西省近51a气温、降水变化趋势和突变特征的时空分布差异.结果表明：（1）年平均气温以陕北黄土高原区和关中平原区增温显著,且前者增暖突变最早;春季和秋季平均气温以关中平原区增温幅度最大,春季平均气温陕北黄土高原区增暖突变最早;秋季平均气温关中平原区增暖突变最晚;冬季平均气温以陕北黄土高原区增温幅度最高,陕南秦巴山地区最低,且关中平原区增暖突变最早,陕南秦巴山地区最晚.（2）年降水量变化趋势不显著,减少突变发生在陕南秦巴山区;春季平均降水量以关中平原和陕南秦巴山区减少趋势显著;夏季和秋季平均降水量变化趋势不显著,但关中地区在夏季发生增加突变,陕北黄土高原区在秋季发生减少突变.

Spatial and temporal distribution difference of temperature and precipitation change trend and abrupt time in the past 51 years was analyzed using linear trend analysis, Mann - Kendall abrupt test and moving - t test methods on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data of 47 meteorological stations located in Shaanxi province. Results show： （1） annual average temperature of Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong plain area increased significantly, and its abrupt time of Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi was the earliest with rising temperature. Spring and autumn average temperature of Guanzhong plain area was the lar- gest increased value, and spring average temperature abrupt time of Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi was the earliest with rising temperature, while autumn average temperature abrupt time of Guanzhong plain area was the latest. Winter average temperature of Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi was the largest increased value, while Qin -ba mountain area in southern Shaanxi was the least. Abrupt time of rising temperature in Guanzhong plain area was the earliest while the latest in Qin -ba mountain area in southern Shaanxi. （2） Annual and sea- sonal precipitation of Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi change trend was not significantly, and only autumn average precipitation took place mutation in 1969 with decreased. Spring average precipitation of Guanzhong plain area and Qin - ba mountain area in southern Shaanxi decreased significantly, and abrupt time of summer average precipitation in Guanzhong plain area was in 1979 with increased, while annual average precipitation of Qin - ba mountain area in southern Shaanxi was in 1989 with decreased.