中国城市化研究热点演变分析

Discussion on Evolution of Focal Points of China′s Urbanization Research

以中国知网1992-2011年城市化方向24 528篇期刊文献为基础,运用文献计量法分析中国城市化研究热点主题、视角、方法和案例区等方面的演变。结果表明,从2001年起中国城市化研究产出开始加速增长;宏观经济管理、农村经济、经济体制改革、建筑科学和环境科学是城市化研究的热点视角,而社会学角度研究中国城市化的文献取得了最高的平均被引频次;热点主题经历了"乡镇企业"到"农民工"再到"土地利用"和"环境"的演变;热点方法以统计分析为主,关于城市化生态环境效应的测评类研究持续升温,而运用城市化机理类方法展开研究的文献增长缓慢;东部江苏、广东、浙江一直是城市化研究的热点案例区,西部则主要作为区域整体研究,受国家战略开发影响,"西部"、"东北"和"中部"等关键词的频次在1997-2001年和2002-2006年相继达到峰值。由此得出主要结论:经济学角度是研究者切入中国城市化研究最主要的角度,而环境角度的研究则在不断升温,社会学角度研究是潜在热点;以城市化环境效应为主题,研究城市化与生态环境的耦合机理是未来研究热点之一;案例区倾向选择快速城市化地区,同时兼顾国家战略需求,西部生态脆弱地区的城市化应列入未来热点案例区。

In order to analyze evolution of research focus of China＇s urbanization during near 20 years,a bibliometric analysis of 24 528 published papers on urbanization in CNKI database from 1992 to 2011 has been performed to make a summary of urbanization research in China including topics,perspectives,methods,and case areas,as well as their evolution.Results show paper production has accelerated since 2000.Hottest keywords change from ＂township enterprises＂,＂peasant workers＂ to ＂land use＂ and ＂environment＂.Macroeconomic management,rural economy,economic system reform,architectural science,environmental sciences are among the hottest perspectives on urbanization.Papers from sociology gain the highest average citation.The hottest methods are mainly from statistical analysis.Evaluation on environmental effects of urbanization increases greatly in recent years while study on mechanisms of urbanization is still increasing slowly.Further analysis on regional keywords indicates regions in East China including Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Guangdong are always the hottest case regions during 1992-2011,while West China is always studied as a whole.Furthermore,＂West＂,＂Northeast＂ and ＂Middle＂ alternatively reached their frequency peak during 1997-2001 and 2002-2006.So the final conclusions include：most researchers study Chinese urbanization research from economic perspective,more and more in environmental and sociological aspect; researchers focus on problems emerging from Chinese fast urbanization,and coupling mechanism between urbanization and environmental effects is expected to be among the hottest topics in near future; researchers select their case regions mainly from fast urbanization regions,affected by national policy and urbanization of environment-fragile regions in West China need more attention.