从播州杨氏土司和石砫马氏土司的关系看明朝“以夷制夷”的民族政策

On the Ming Royal Policy toward Minorities: Barbarians ag- ainst Barbarians ——A Perspective from the Relationship between Bozhou Tusi and Shizhu Tusi

在西南土司史上,播州土司和石砫土司都具有十分重大的影响。在明代四川土司中,播州土司和石跓土司都以统治时间长、汉化程度深、军事力量强而著称。他们都曾为维护西南社会安定、国家统一、发展当地社会经济文化做出了贡献。杨氏与马氏姻亲相交,又因朝廷平播而战场相煎。兄弟民族双方战场相残是由于朝廷"以夷制夷"、"以蛮攻蛮"的民族政策使然。考查他们之间的文化和关系,对于研究西南民族关系史和明朝民族政策都具有一定的意义。

In the history of Tusi in southwest China, the Tusi in Bozhou Prefecture and the Tusi in Shizhu Prefecture were both quite emi- nent. During the Ming Dynasty in Sichuan Province, they were well-known for their longer ruling, more Han cultural assimilations and stronger military forces, contributing a lot to the social and national stability as well as the social, economic and cultural development of the areas. The Yang clan and the Ma clan had a close relationship through marriages. But they had wars during the royal repressions to the Yang clan due to the rebellion in Bozhou Prefecture. The wars between the two clans were the result of the royal policy towards ethnic minorities--policy of instigating one ethnic minority against another minority. A study of the relationship between the two clans can be of comparative significances to the research of ethnic relationships and the Ming royal policies toward ethnic minorities.