1930年代国民政府与新闻界的关系——基于《修正出版法》的分析

The Relationships between Nanjing Nationalist Government and the Press in the 1930s: A Case Study on the Press Law Amendment

九一八事变后,国民政府强化了对新闻界的统制,要求新闻界必须服从政府的内外政策,言论记载要在政府划定的范围内,不得逾越。但是,新闻界的救亡诉求与此相去甚远。国民政府试图通过《修正出版法》为新闻界立一个新的言论标准和惩戒依据,该法在1935年遭到了新闻界的抵制,显示了国民政府与新闻界之间紧张冲突的一面。随着国难进一步加深,国民政府的新闻政策出现了若干积极变化,新闻界在国族利益至上的原则下,暂时让渡了部分权利,二者的关系得以调适,这为1937年《修正出版法》的颁布奠定了基础。总之,从《修正出版法》可以烛照1930年代国民政府与新闻界之间变动不居的关系。

Controlling on the press was strengthened by the Nanjing Nationalist Government after the Mukden Incident. It means that the press must obey the Nationalist Government＇s policy during the naional crisis. However, the press had its own demands, which conflicted with the government＇s policy. Therefore, a series of laws and regulations were enacted by the Nationalist Government in order to prevent or suppress the deviant behavior of the press. The Press Law Amendment was just the government＇ s nonconfidence motion against the press. On the other hand, the press was worried about the abuse of authority and their responsibility for the state will be deprived, which implied their distrust of government. Due to the deepening national crisis, their relationship has been relaxed. The press acquiesced the law for the sake of national interest. Above all, we could grasp the changing relationships between Nationalist Government and the press by the Press Law in the 1930s.