传统、革命与性别:华北根据地“妻休夫”现象评析(1941—1949)

Tradition,Revolution and Gender:An Analysis of the "Wife Divorcing Husband" Phenomenon in North China Revolutionary Bases(1941-1949)

1940年后,由于华北各根据地陆续颁布婚姻条例及妇女动员的广泛开展,以女性主动提出为特征的"妻休夫"离婚现象急剧增加。从公私两个领域和传统、革命、性别三个视阈切入,可以窥见这一婚姻变革现象的曲折过程及其与民族战争、政治变革、性别解放等相互纠缠的复杂关系。"妻休夫"现象所呈现的婚姻自由诉求、抗战需要与乡村习俗、家庭与社会稳定需求间的颉颃,使各地中共政权在实际操作中陆续调整女性婚姻政策,从支持"妻休夫"重新转变为以维护稳定为主的婚姻政策,以适应情与法冲突下乡村社会实态和军心稳定需要。通过跳出传统的"压迫-解放"框架,将各根据地乡村女性的存在、婚姻、情感的多重考察与乡村传统、民族战争、革命的时代背景相结合,能够客观阐释战时华北各根据地女性婚姻变革及妇女解放的实态及意义。

During the 1940s, the revolutionary bases in North China witnessed a sharp increase in divorce rate, characterized by wives casting off their husbands due to the promulgation of the Marriage Ordinance and extensive mobilization of women. From both public and private domains and the three perspectives of tradition, of such marriage c gender liberation. hanges revolution and gender, the author of this research aims to explore the tortuous process and its complex and intertwined relationship with national wars, political changes and The phenomenon actually reveals the severe crisis between the longing for marriage freedom, and wartime needs on the one hand and rural traditions, the stability family and social structure on the other. Therefore, the Chinese Communist Regime carried out successive adjustments in female marriage policies, shifting from supporting ＂wife divorcing husband＂ to a more stable marriage policy, so as to adapt to the requirements of rural society and military stability under the conflicting situation of emotion and law. Seeking to go beyond the traditional ＂oppression-liberation＂ paradigm, this research tries to combine the study of female existence, marriage and emotion with rural traditions and the historical background of national war and revolution. In this way, we can objectively explain the marriage changes of women and the reality and significance of their liberation in those wartime revolutionary bases in North China.