纳博科夫小说中的诺斯替主义

Gnosticism in Nabokov's Fiction

纳博科夫小说中有着神秘的诺斯替主义主题,它强调彼岸与世界、世界与人的二元对立。彼岸完美自足地在人类之上存在,世界则如牢狱,充满荒诞、邪恶、黑暗与暴政。人本质上不属于世界,而是来自彼岸的异乡人。他借助神秘的灵知,摆脱黑暗世界的暴政,实现灵魂的升华,回归自由的彼岸。纳博科夫的小说表现的正是对黑暗世界的鞭挞、对彼岸的向往以及人类凭借灵知获得拯救的诺斯替主义主题。

Vladimir Nabokov＇s novels have a mysterious Gnostic metaphysics. It accentuates the binary opposition between the world and the Otherworld, and between the world and human beings. A transcendental Otherworld exists self-sufficiently on a level higher than the human world, which is full of vices, darkness and despotisms. Human beings are by nature aliens from the Otherworld who by dint of the mysterious gnosis they get from the beyond would finally shake off the fetters of this dark world and ascend upward to their free homeland.