基于成效的远程开放非正规教育项目质量保证

Results-based Quality Assurance for Open and Distance Non-formal Education Programmes

非正规教育是一个非常广阔的领域,从成年人扫盲、失学儿童基础教育到生活技能、工作技能、性别平等和社区发展均属非正规教育。非正规教育项目由各种机构负责提供,采用面授、远程开放学习和基于信息通信技术的方法。这些项目如果想得到拨款、支持和好名声,那么它们必须证明能给个人、社区和经济带来好处。这意味着我们必须精心设计和实施质量保证。本文介绍一种基于成效的质量保证体系,向非正规教育决策者、筹划者、项目管理人员、一线员工和其它相关各方阐述这种体系的必要性和实施步骤。一般说来,教育领域的质量保证体系关注的是投入,包括投入多少资金、员工和其它资源、提供多少支持服务、开展什么形式的教与学活动等。人们总以为投入越高产出的质量就越高,然而事实并非总是如此。鉴于此,本文提出一种不同的质量保证框架。这个框架既严谨又方便使用,用于评估非正规教育项目的产出、结果和影响。

Non-formal education （ NFE ） is an extremely wide field, ranging from adult literacy and basic education for out-of-school children to life skills, work skills, gender equity and community development. The programmes are provided by a wide range of organisations and employ a variety of methods ranging from face-to-face to open and distance learning （ODL） and applications of information and communications technology （ICT）. For these pro- grammes to receive the funding, support and high reputation that they deserve, they need to be able to evidence the benefits they bring to individuals, communities and economies. This requires well-designed and well-managed quality assurance （ QA ）. This article explains to NFE policy makers, planners, programme managers, in-field staff and others involved in this sector why and how to operate a results-based QA system. QA systems applied in educational con- texts are generally concerned with inputs - how much money and what staffing, resources and support are provided, what kinds of teaching and learning are involved, and so on. There is an assumption - which is not always fulfilled - that the higher the quality of the inputs, the higher the quality of the outputs. In this article, a different approach is proposed ： a rigorous but simple-to-use QA framework for evaluating the outcomes, outputs and impacts.