远程开放教育辍学研究:结论与反思

Open and Distance Education Dropout Research: Conclusion and Reflection

高辍学率是远程开放教育不容忽视的问题。本研究依托"远程开放教育辍学研究"项目,使用量化研究、质性研究以及国际比较研究法,深入地考察国内远程开放教育辍学现象,探究这一现象发生的原因及其规律。研究发现:不同学习层次与专业有着不同的辍学率;学习者入学第一年是辍学的高峰;学习者的性别、年龄、所属学习中心行政区域、学习层次、专业、学业成绩是辍学的影响因素,"远程学习者辍学归因解释框架"和"学习者完成学业要素关系图"揭示了辍学发生机理以及完成学业的关键要素及其作用机制;那些具有远程学习技能(信息素养、时间管理能力、师生交互能力)缺乏、错选专业、没有选择合适的课程等级、课业负担过重、不及格科目多、缺乏学习动机、个人意志与成功信念易动、经济困难等特征的人群更易辍学;本研究提出了学生保持率公式、复学的关键工作,并讨论了院校自身教学体系对辍学发生的影响。本研究通过与英国开放大学相关成果进行比较,对远程开放教育辍学研究进行了反思与展望。

As an important part of higher education, open and distance education plays a significant role in the process of higher education. It thus contributes to the full realization of education equality and social justice. Two essential attributes distinguish open and distance education from traditional higher education： free access to learning and open campus. The former means that all qualified individuals who aspire to learn are admitted without examinations, regardless of age, occupation or geographic region, whereas the latter means that due to the supports from modern information technologies, open and distance education has incorporated multi-media teaching methods into teaching resources design and teaching activities organization to such a degree that learners could study at any time and at any place according to their requirements. The two attributes show that open and distance education has strengths insocialization and capacity, especially low requirements for entrance. However, easy entrance is accompanied by high dropout rate, a widespread problem that open and distance education cannot ignore.