域外大学史研究:制度化历程与学术范式变迁

Historiography of Universities Abroad:Institutionalization Process and the Shift of Paradigms

从制度化水平和学术范式的变迁两个方面衡量,可以将大学史研究领域的发展划分为七个阶段。严格意义的大学史研究出现于19世纪,并在下半叶形成第一波热潮。20世纪初教育史学科在教育院系的初步制度化为大学史研究的发展提供了一定的空间,但在20世纪前40年大学史研究处于相对沉寂状态。20世纪50年代,随着教育在社会中的地位变得越来越重要,很多专业的历史学家开始介入大学史研究,此后二三十年该领域进入复苏期。20世纪80年代,大学史专门研究期刊的创办标志着这一领域初步实现了制度化的过程。从学术范式而言,大学史研究经历了思想史范式、社会史范式和文化史范式相继兴起的过程,但它们之间并非取代的关系。随着全球化进程的进一步推进,全球史的研究范式开始崛起,成为新的学术热点。

According to the level of institutionalization and paradigm shift, this paper traces the development of historiography of universities as a field of study into seven stages. Strict historiography of universities appeared in the nineteenth century, and reached the first wave of the boom in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the early twentieth century, history of education became an institutionalized field in school of education and provided some space for the development of the historiography of universities. In 1950s, universities＇ role became more and more important and many professional historians began to study the history of the universities, so that the field entered the recovery period. In 1980s, the founding of relevant journals marked the early institutionalization of this field. The paradigm of intellectual history, social history and cultural history became the dominant paradigm one after another. With the further advance of globalization, global history paradigm began to rise as a new academic focus.