中古法制文明论——以“法理”为中心的考察

On the Legal System Construction of Zhonggu Period( 420 AD to 907 AD) in China:An Observation Centered on “Principle of Law”

中国中古时期,法制文明获得突破性发展。无论是法学理论还是法典编纂,均发生了重大变化,取得了若干重要成果。而"法理"概念的提出则为此时期法制文明发展和进步的中枢环节。为满足解决秦汉法制困局之需要,在汉魏以降政治、学术环境熏陶之下,"法理"概念应运而生,这是中古法制文明演变中的一件大事。中古法学以"法理"为法律之本,以论理辩难的逻辑方式求贯穿法律之通理,将先秦法哲学的宏大论述与秦汉法律注释学的微观考证连成一体,促成了古代中国法学理论的完整与成熟。这不仅极大地推动了中古律令制度的系统化与完备化,对中古法制文明之演进产生巨大影响,而且对今日之法学研究亦颇具启示。

In China＇ s Zhonggu Period （420 AD to 907 AD）, legal construction had a breakthrough develop- ment and groundbreaking change in legal theory and code compilation, achieving several significant fruits. The birth of ＂principle of law＂ concept played a pivotal part in the development and advance of legal system in this period. To solve the deadlock situation of the legal system in Qin and Han dynasty （221 BC to 221 AD）, under the context of political and academic atmosphere since Hart and Wei dynasty, the ＂principle of law＂ concept emerged to be an important event in legal evolution in Zhonggu period. Centered on ＂principle of law＂ as the foundation of legal study, legal study in Zhonggu period tried to pursue the universal principle of law in the manner of argument and discussion, which combined the philosophical achievement of pre-Qin period with legal anno- taion science of Qin and Han dynasty to advance the entierty and sophistication of ancient China＇ s legal theory. This not only promoted the systemization and completion of statutes in Zhonggu period, which greatly influenced the evolution of legal system construction then, but also left many inspirations for present legal study.