有氧运动联合膳食控制对 2 型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响及其机制

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Control on Hemorheology in Type 2 Diabetic Rats and its Mechanism

目的:探讨有氧运动联合膳食控制对2型糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响及其机制。方法:选用6周龄雄性SD大鼠62只,随机抽取8只大鼠作为正常对照组(Control,C组),其余大鼠在喂饲高脂膳食的基础上腹腔注射小剂量的STZ复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并给予有氧运动锻炼或/和膳食控制,13周后测定大鼠的血液流变性以及血糖(FPG)、糖化血清蛋白(Glycated Serum Proteins,GSP)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量。结果:①2型糖尿病大鼠模型建立后第13周,与C组相比,DMC组大鼠全血中切粘度、血浆粘度、全血高切还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数均显著性升高,ESR和红细胞变性指数显著降低。双因素方差分析显示,12周的游泳训练可使2型糖尿病大鼠不同切变率下的全血粘度值均有所降低,其中切变率为1的全血粘度值差异显著(P<0.05);高切还原粘度和低切还原粘度(P<0.01)和ESR(P=0.05)显著升高;红细胞聚集指数显著降低(P<0.01),血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞变形指数都有所改善,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而膳食控制后2型糖尿病大鼠红细胞聚集指数显著降低,其他指标均有所改善,但无显著性差异。有氧运动联合饮食控制对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠全血低切粘度、血浆粘度、全血高切、低切还原粘度以及细胞聚集指数,进一步升高ESR和红细胞变形指数,具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。②与C组相比,DMC组FPG、GSP以及TC、TG含量均极显著性升高。双因素方差分析显示,有氧运动能显著降低T2DM大鼠FPG、GSP和TC含量,但不能显著降低TG含量。膳食控制能显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清GSP、TG和TC含量。有氧运动联合膳食控制对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠血清TC含量具有显著的交互作用,但对进一步降低2型糖尿病大鼠FPG、GSP和TG含量无显著的交互作用。结论:①2型糖尿病大鼠血液出现高粘滞血症,表现为浓、凝、聚、粘状态。有氧运动可以改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性,降低血液的高粘滞状态;单纯的膳食控制对改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性效果不大;在一定程度上有氧运动联合膳食对改善2型糖尿病大鼠的血液流变性效果更大。②糖脂代谢的紊乱是导致糖尿病大鼠高粘滞血症的重要机制,长期的有氧运动和膳食控制可以通过改善糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱改善血液的流变性。

Objective ： To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise combined with dietary control on hemorheology in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods： 8 rats were randomly selected rats as normal control group （Control, C）from 62 6 - week -old male SD rats, the remaining rats were injected intraperitoneally low -dose streptozotocin based on feeding high -fat diet to establish animal models of type 2 diabetes, and given the aerobic exercise and / or dietary control, hemorheological index, blood glucose （ FPG）, glycated serum proteins （ GSP ）, triglyceride （TG） and total cholesterol （ TC ） content were measured after 13 weeks. Results ： （1）After 13 weeks of the establishment of type 2 diabetes model, compared with C group, among the he- morheological indexes in the DM group ,whole blood viscosity in middle shear, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduced viscosity in high shear, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index were significantly higher, ESR and erythrocyte degenera- tion index decreased significantly. Through the double factor variance analysis, 13 weeks of moderate - intensity swimming training could decrease the whole blood viscosity under different shear rate type 2 diabetic rats, in particular whole blood viscos- ity in 1：00 shear had a significant difference（ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Reduced viscosity in high - shear and low shear（ P 〈 0.01 ） and ESR （P = 0.05 ）were significantly increased ;erythrocyte aggregation index decreased significantly（ P 〈 0.01 ）, plasma viscosity, hematocrit,erythrocyte rigidity index, erythrocyte deformability index had some improvement, but there were no significant difference（ P 〉 0.05）. After the dietary control in type 2 diabetes,the erythrocyte aggregation index decreased significantly, other indicators had some improvement, but there were no significant difference. Aerobic exercise combined with diet control could further reduce the whole blood viscosity in low shear, plasma viscosity,whole blood reduced viscosity in high shear or low shear and erythrocyte aggregation index, and further increased ESR and erythrocyte deformability index in type 2 diabetic rats significantly, they had a significant interaction （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2）Compared with the C group, FPG, GSP, TC and TG content in DM group were extremely significant increase. By two - way ANOVA analysis shows that aerobic exercise could significantly reduce FPG, GSP and TC levels in T2DM rats, but not significantly reduced TG content. Dietary control could significantly reduce serum GSP, TG and TC content in T2DM rats. Aerobic exercise combined with dietary control had a significant interaction on further reducing serum TC content,but no significant interaction on further reducing FPG, GSP and TG content in the T2DM rats. Conclusion ： （1）Hyperviscosity was occurred in type 2 diabetes,which showed concentration, coagulation, accumulation and sticky state. Aerobic exercise could improve hemorheological index in type 2 diabetic rats, significantly lower hyperviscosity. Relying on dietary control simply could not effectively improve hemorheological index in type 2 diabetic rats. Aerobic exercise training combined with dietary control was more effective to improve hemorheological index in type 2 diabetic rats to some extent. （2）Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders was an important mechanism for hyperviscosity, the long - term aerobic exercise and dietary control could improve blood rheology by improving the disorders of the glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats.