中国体育社团发展的困惑、外部成因及未来趋势

The development of sports associations in China: confusion, external causes and future trend

阐述中国体育社团发展存在4大困惑,即"选择"与"同构"导致官民两重性;双重管理体制限制了体育社团的发展;法律身份与合法性难题;体育社团立法滞后的困境。在成因探析中,提出了中国传统社会结构的两极分化;整体与个人的关系限制了社会的发展等历史影响因素,以及中国单位社会的形成使国家直接面对"原子化"的民众,《社会团体登记管理条例》以法的形式促成了官办社团组织的发展等现实影响因素。最后,在对我国体育社团发展未来趋势的预测中,概括出"三步走":第一步,由官办到民办,为社团组织松绑;第二步,由依附到独立,逐步走向实体化、专业化;第三步,进入"公域",参政议政。

The author expatiated on 4 types of confusion existing in the development of sports associations in China, i.e. ＂choice＂ and ＂isomorphism＂ having caused official and civilian dualism; the dual management system having restricted the development of sports associations; legal identity and legitimacy problems; the predicament of sports association legislation lagging behind. In the cause analysis, the author put forward historical affecting factors such as the polarization of traditional Chinese social structure, the relationship between the whole and individuals having restricted social development etc, as well as realistic affecting factors such as the formation of the unit society in China making the state directly face the atomized public, Social Organization Registration and Management Regulations having promoted the development of government-run associations and organizations in the form of law etc. Finally, the author summarized the ＂three-step＂ characteristics in her predication of the future trend of sports association reform in China, i.e. step 1, developing from government-run to civilian-run, freeing associations and organizations; step 2, developing from dependent to independent, going toward substantiation and professionalization gradually; step 3, entering into the ＂public domain＂, engaging in political affairs.