后工业化时代生态治理的理念、方式与组织

Ecological Governance in the Post-Industrial Era: Concepts,Methods and Organization

全球范围内的社会治理变革是人类从工业社会走向后工业社会这场社会转型的体现。20世纪七八十年代以来,社会治理变革的一个基本框架是从官僚制治理理念向生态治理理念的转变。如果说在官僚制治理中,它所强调的是确定、预测、控制和竞争这样的机械化理念的话,那么在后工业时代,生态治理在其理念上则强调事物之间的相互关联、自组织能力以及复杂系统的进化。这一日益兴起的治理理念产生了诸多有益的见解,并且能够在未来的社会治理中发挥有效的作用,建构起人与人之间、人与自然之间的合作关系。而从其组织方式来看,生态治理是一项具有广阔合作前景的社会治理方式。从本质上来说,人类社会的治理方式从官僚制治理向生态治理的转变,已经超出了量变的过程,而成了整个社会治理体系的重新定位,其结果则是现有制度安排的根本性变革。

The reforms in social governance world-wide have reflected a transformation from the industrial society to the post-industrial society. Since the 1970s,the basic framework for social governance reform has changed from the concept of bureaucratic governance to that of the ecological governance. If the bureaucratic governance attached great importance to the concepts of mechanic operations like confirmation,prediction,control and competition,the ecological governance should focus on the correlation between things,the ability of self-organizing,and the evolution of complex systems in the post-industrial era. This growing new concept of governance has not only given forth lots of significant insights,but also played an important and effective role in the future social management in building cooperative relations between man and man as well as between man and nature. Speaking of its way of organizing,the ecological governance is a kind of social management with bright prospects for cooperation. In essence,the transformation of human social management from the bureaucratic mode to the ecological one has gone beyond the process of quantitative change and has orientated the management system of the whole society towards a new direction,which will eventually result in the fundamental changes in the existing institutional arrangement.