道教仪式音乐的体系及其风格特征

On the System of Taoism Ritual Music with its Style Characteristic

该文系借着北方全真道的早晚课仪式与音乐,及南方天师道的科仪与音乐,透过实地调查的数据,归纳其风格特征,并从仪式空间切入,论述形成音乐风格特征的因素。全真道举行仪式的空间为名山宫观,地处幽静,朴素的音乐音响正为此一环境特征的写照。天师道科仪在人口荟萃的庙宇举行,该空间是各种民俗的展现场所,故天师道科仪音乐融入甚多传统音乐的内容,符合庶民对传统音乐呈现热闹场景的需要。结论认为,道教仪式音乐呈现静谧淡雅,与热闹世俗的两种色彩,形塑道教音乐风格的全面性,而该音乐特征,适为不同功能场合或文化背景的自然呈现。

With the morning and evening ceremony and music of Quanzhen Daoism in North part of China, as well as Daoism ritual and music of Tianshi Daoism in South area, through the data of field survey, this paper summarized its style features, and cut from the ritual space, it discussed the factors of forming the music style features. The place for Quanzhen Daoism holding rituals are Taoist temples in well- known mountains, located in the quiet, and simple music sound just reflect this environmental feature. The Tianshi Daoism held the ritual in the temple where the population gathers together, the space is an ex- pression place to shown variety of folk-custom, so the ritual music of Tianshi Daoism blends much more traditional music content, meted the ordinary people needs for traditional music presented the lively scene. It concluded that the Daoism ritual music present two different colors： quiet and elegant with lively and common customs, which shaping a comprehensive Ta0ist music style and its music features nature of suitable for different functional occasions and cultural background.