为什么韩国的“农民工”较快地融入了城市？

South Korean Farmers' Smooth Integration into the Cities and Why

与中国类似,韩国也是人多地少、重视教育、重视家庭,也经历了三十多年连续、快速的经济增长;不同的是,韩国城市化进程中"农民工"比较顺畅地融入了城市,社会分配处于比较均等的状态。韩国的经验至少有四:第一,在经济快速增长之前,土地作为最重要的生产要素被均分,成为农民最重要的财富;第二,劳动密集型产业和第三产业的发展,吸纳了大量的新移民;第三,被抚养人口同步迁移至城市,在大约一代人的时间里解决城市化问题;第四,城市户均居住面积较小,但力求居者有其屋。最终,新移民形成了新的身份认同。

Like China,South Korea suffers from small per capita arable land acreage and South Korean people highly value education and family.It has also achieved fast State-led economic growth and urbanization in more than three decades.Unlike China,however,South Korea' s new migrants from rural areas have integrated into the cities quite smoothly,which has contributed to equal income distribution.Why? First,land was equally distributed before the start of the country' s fast economic expansion has become the most important assets for farmers.Second,labor-intensive and tertiary industries have provided jobs for the majority of new migrants.Third,families of those farmers have also migrated into the cities within one-generation's time.Last but not least,the average living space for those new migrant households was limited but housing has been made affordable for them.As a result,those new migrants have had new urban identities and gained social recognition.