论庄子的道德批判

On Zhuangzi's Moral Criticism

庄子站在大道角度对社会道德伦常进行了无情的批判,并秉承老子的一贯主张,重申伦理价值的来源或根基是大道而不是世俗所谓物质财富、社会关系或政治权力。依循这一基本立场,庄子指出:(1)窃国大盗所立仁义伦常不具合法性;(2)真正的仁德不需要任何展示、炫耀;(3)任何与大道公正无私、尊重生命、众生平等等特质相违背的所谓道德伦常,都是非正当、反道德的。在现实生活中,庄子勇于向传统挑战,竭力主张礼数或礼制要与质朴自然之道相协调,其在爱妻死后临尸鼓盆而歌的另类表现,自己在丧葬问题上超然而不失幽默的风趣态度,至今看来,都堪称惊世骇俗。

From Tao＇ s perspective, Zhuangzi criticized false social morality and moral principle mercilessly, in ad- herence to Laozi＇ s view reiterating that all ethical values originate from or are based on Tao （morality） rather than so- called material wealth, social relations, or political power. Following this standing point, Zhuangzi pointed out ： （ 1 ） the kindheartedness and justice made by usurper of the state power is without legitimacy ; （2） True kind- ness and morality doesn＇ t need any form of showing off; （3） all so - called morality and morality principles that go against the attributes of Da Tao which include unselfishness and justice, respect of life, equality among all human beings are non- legitimate and anti -morality. In real life, Zhuangzi was very brave to challenge the traditions, making all his effort in advocating ritual or etiquette to be coordinated with pristine nature of Tao. His behavior to- ward his wife＇ s death, singing and beating time on a basin around his wife＇ s corpse, and his positive humorous and funny attitudes toward his own funeral, even in nowadays, still scandalize the oublic.