重思“剧中人”与“剧作者”的关系

Rethinking the Relationship between Directors and Actors

马克思明确指出我们在探讨有关人与社会的关系问题时,应该将人们既当成他们本身的历史剧的"剧作者"又当成"剧中人",这一思想是历史唯物主义的重要内容和重要方法论原则。现实的人作为"剧中人"与"剧作者"的统一体,只能是实践中的存在。未来社会要最终实现个人的自由全面发展,意味着人应该既超拔于任由自然控制的动物性状态,又摆脱特定历史或社会关系条件对人的限制和不合理规制,从而克服"剧中人"与"剧作者"两种角色相互分裂的状态。对"剧中人"与"剧作者"之间关系的辩证理解,既是马克思世界观、价值观,又是认识论与方法论。它蕴涵着马克思对社会发展的科学态度与人类命运的终极关怀,是马克思的唯物史观与未来社会理论的理论生长点和基本的运思路径。

Marx clearly pointed out that we should treat the people as directors ＂ and as ＂actors＂ in their own his- torical drama when we are discussing about the relationship between man and society, which is the important part and principle of historical materialism. As the unity of ＂directors＂ and ＂actors＂, ＂real people＂ is the only existing in practice. Future society is to realize man~ free and comprehensive development, which means that people should be outstanding from the state of animal controlled by the natural, but also should be getting rid of the unreasonable regulations which are produced by the specific history and the conditions of social relations, so as to overcome the divided state between the ＂play＂ and ＂writers＂. Comprehending the relationship between ＂directors＂ and ＂actors＂ in a dialectic way, which reflects Marx~ world view, values, and epistemology and methodology. It contains Marx＇ s right attitude for social development and ultimate concerns on the destiny of human beings, which also is a growth ooint of theorv and the basic oath of thinkin~ in historical materialism or ＂future society＂.