2013年新化县麻疹流行病学特征及控制措施分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristic and control measure of measles in Xinhua County in 2013

目的 了解2013年新化县麻疹流行特征,为下一步控制和消除麻疹工作提供科学依据.方法 统计中国疾病预防控制信息系统网络直报数据及麻疹调查处置资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2013年新化县共报告麻疹疑似病例411例,麻疹确诊病例61例,无临床诊断病例及死亡病例报告.2013年麻疹发病率较前5年明显上升,病例间无聚集性.麻疹发病年龄呈现小月龄儿童（＜8个月）为主的特征,其次为8个月～1岁年龄组.性别以男性为主.应有麻疹疫苗免疫史者中无免疫史者占50.00％,免疫史不详者占19.44％.发病前7～21 d内有医疗机构就诊史者占39.34％.结论 为早日实现消除麻疹的目标,应进一步开展宣传教育,加强重点人群管理和接种工作,开展成人免疫,特别是育龄妇女疫苗的接种,落实查验预防接种证,加强疫情监测,及时有效处置疫情.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristic of measle in Xinhua County in 2013 in order to provide scientific evidence for further improving the control and elimination of measles. Methods The data from na- tional disease report system and survey information of measles were collected.All the data were analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results 411 suspected cases of measles were reported in Xinhua County in 2013,with 61 cases confirmed,no clinical diagnosis case and death case.Measles incidence in 2013 increased obviously compared with the last five years.There was no clustering between cases.The highest measles incidence occurred among infants〈8 months,followed by the infants aged 8-12 months.The majority was male.In measles cases that had measles vaccine im- munization history,50.00% were non-vaccinated and 19.44% were uncertain.39.34% of the cases sought treatment in hospitals. Conclusion To eliminate measles,it is necessary to strengthen management of susceptible crowd and vacci- nation.Adult vaccination should be promoted,especially for women of childbearing age.Checking the vaccination certifi- cate,identifying and controlling epidemics on time and promoting propaganda on public,should be important measures in the future.