81份国外小麦品种(系)Puroindoline基因分子鉴定与分析

Molecular Identification and Analysis of Puroindoline Alleles in 81 Foreign Wheat Varieties

为更好地利用国外小麦Puroindoline优异变异类型,以从乌克兰、俄罗斯、西班牙等4个国家搜集的81份小麦品种（系）为试验材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测定仪（SKCS）、分子标记技术及DNA测序技术,对其硬度表型、Puroindoline不同变异类型进行鉴定与分析。结果表明,试验材料中硬质麦比例较高,为92.6%,软质麦比例较低,仅为7.4%,且没有发现混合型小麦,SKCS硬度指数范围较宽,为25-86。硬质麦的Puroindoline基因型检测中,共检测到Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1c和Pinb-D1d 4种类型,其中Pinb-D1b所占比例较高,占58.7%,Pina-D1b和Pinb-D1c则分别为28.0%和12.0%,而PinbD1d类型所占比例极低,仅为1.3%。Puroindoline不同等位变异类型的籽粒硬度大小也存在差异,其中Pina-D1b突变型的硬度值最高,野生型最低,且Pina-D1b与Pinb-D1c两种硬质类型的籽粒硬度呈显著性差异,而Pinb-D1b、Pinb-D1c与Pinb-D1d之间的籽粒硬度差异不显著。

For better use of foreign excellent wheat Puroindoline alleles,in this study,a total of 81 wheat varieties or lines form Ukraine,Russia,Spine and Mexico were used to identify and analyze phenotype of grain texture and genotype of Puroindoline genes by the technologies of single kernel characterization system（ SKCS）,molecular marker and DNA sequencing. The results showed that hard wheat and soft wheat accounted for 92. 6% and 7. 4% in all 81 foreign varieties and lines. Based on SKCS results,grain hardness index of wheat surveyed ranged widely from 25 to 86. Four Puroindoline alleles of Pina-D1b,Pinb-D1b,Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1d were detected in all the materials. Of them,PinbD1b is the most prevalent allele accounting for 58. 7% of the materials,while Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1c accounted for 28. 0% and 12. 0%,respectively. Only 1. 3% of materials had the Pinb-D1d allele. There were differences in the kernel hardness among different Puroindoline genotypes with the highest kernel hardness index coming from Pina-D1b / Pina-D1b and the lowest from Pina-D1a / Pinb-D1a genotypes. Significant differences in the kernel hardness index also existed between genotypes of Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1c. However,no significant differences in kernel hardness index among the Pinb-D1b,Pinb-D1c and Pinb-D1d.